user@netcalc ~/calc $
ipv4_calculator
Calculate network, broadcast, mask, hosts, class and binary for any IPv4 address
ip:
mask:
✓ stdout — ipv4_calculator
Enter runs the calculation · Shift+Enter inserts a new line
user@netcalc ~/calc $
ipv6_calculator
Calculate network info for IPv6 addresses in CIDR notation
ipv6:
pfx:
✓ stdout — ipv6_calculator
user@netcalc ~/calc $
vlsm_calculator
Variable Length Subnet Mask — assigns optimal blocks for each network segment
net:
pfx:
// Subnets required
name:
hosts:
name:
hosts:
name:
hosts:
✓ stdout — vlsm_calculator
| # | Name | Hosts Req | Hosts Avail | Prefix | Network | First Host | Last Host | Broadcast | Mask |
|---|
user@netcalc ~/calc $
usable_ip_range
Shows the exact usable host range for a given network
ip:
mask:
✓ stdout — usable_ip_range
user@netcalc ~/calc $
binary_ip_calc
Convert IP addresses to binary and vice versa, with per-octet visualization
dec:
bin:
✓ stdout — binary_ip_calc
user@netcalc ~/network $
cidr_converter
Convert between CIDR, decimal mask and wildcard. Includes full /1–/32 reference table.
in:
✓ stdout — cidr_converter
📋 CIDR Reference Table
| CIDR | Subnet Mask | Wildcard | Hosts | /24 subnets | Block |
|---|
user@netcalc ~/network $
wildcard_mask_calc
Calculate the wildcard (inverse) mask for Cisco ACLs, OSPF and firewall rules
mask:
✓ stdout — wildcard_mask_calc
user@netcalc ~/network $
supernet_calculator
Find the minimum supernet containing all specified networks (route summarization)
nets:
✓ stdout — supernet_calculator
user@netcalc ~/network $
subnet_splitter
Split a network into equal subnets by specifying a new prefix
net:
mask:
new:
✓ stdout — subnet_splitter
| # | Network | First Host | Last Host | Broadcast | Hosts | Mask |
|---|
user@netcalc ~/network $
range_to_cidr
Convert an IP range (start–end) to the minimum set of CIDR blocks
start:
end:
✓ stdout — range_to_cidr
| # | CIDR Block | Network | Broadcast | Hosts |
|---|
user@netcalc ~/network $
ip_to_integer
Convert IPv4/IPv6 addresses to integer and vice versa
ip:
int:
✓ stdout — ip_to_integer
user@netcalc ~/network $
ipv6_normalize
Expand and compress IPv6 addresses — normalize any valid format
ipv6:
✓ stdout — ipv6_normalize
user@netcalc ~/network $
hex_ip_converter
Convert between hexadecimal and IP address — useful for Windows route tables and Cisco logs
ip:
0x:
✓ stdout — hex_ip_converter
user@netcalc ~/network $
vlan_calculator
802.1Q VLAN info: tag encoding, PCP, DEI, VID, range and compatibility
vlan:
pcp:
dei:
✓ stdout — vlan_calculator
user@netcalc ~/dns $
reverse_dns_generator
Generate the PTR in-addr.arpa zone for an IPv4 network
net:
pfx:
dom:
✓ stdout — reverse_dns_generator
user@netcalc ~/dns $
ipv6_ptr_generator
Generate the PTR ip6.arpa record for an IPv6 address
ipv6:
host:
✓ stdout — ipv6_ptr_generator
user@netcalc ~/dns $
ip_geolocation
Locate a public IP or resolve a domain and geolocate its public address
Domains are resolved through DNS first; geolocation is based on the resulting public IP.
geo:
✓ stdout — ip_geolocation
user@netcalc ~/dns $
ip_address_planner
Interactive IP address space planner — click cells to edit, export to CSV
📋 IP Address Plan
| # | Name | Network | Mask/CIDR | Gateway | VLAN | Location | Notes |
|---|
user@netcalc ~/legal $
Privacy
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GeoIP
Only GeoIP lookups are processed by an external provider. The requested IP address is sent for that lookup.
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This page provides operational information; it is not a legal-compliance certification.
Packet loss, latency and jitter: how to isolate the real bottleneck
Use controlled tests and path segmentation to separate congestion, radio errors, queueing, MTU problems and endpoint limitations.
01
Measure one variable at a time
Loss, latency and jitter interact, but mixing them into one speed-test score hides the cause. Use a stable target and record baseline RTT, loss percentage and variance before changing queueing, radio parameters or MTU.
02
Segment the path until the symptom disappears
Test LAN, first routed hop, provider edge and remote destination separately. If loss begins between two specific points, investigate that segment instead of tuning endpoints that are already healthy.
03
Queueing can add latency without packet loss
A saturated uplink may deliver every packet while adding hundreds of milliseconds of delay. Compare idle RTT with RTT under load; a large increase points to queue management or capacity pressure rather than RF signal alone.
04
Packet size matters when MTU or radio errors are involved
Small ICMP packets can look perfect while larger frames suffer fragmentation, drops or higher retry cost. Repeat tests at several sizes and correlate them with interface errors, retries and PMTUD signals.
05
Correlate network tests with interface counters
CRC errors, radio retries, queue drops and CPU saturation provide context that ping alone cannot. Capture counters before and after a controlled test window so you can associate the symptom with a device.
06
Use multiple targets to avoid blaming the wrong network
A single remote host may be overloaded or rate-limit ICMP. Compare a local gateway, provider edge and at least one stable external target before declaring Internet-wide packet loss.
07
Preserve a baseline for future incidents
A five-minute idle baseline and a loaded baseline for each major link are valuable operational data. Future incidents can be compared against known-good latency, jitter and loss rather than subjective “it feels slower”.
EX
Worked example
- Measure 100 packets to the local gateway at idle and record loss and RTT distribution.
- Repeat to the provider edge and then to an external stable target.
- Run the same sequence while saturating the uplink and compare latency increase.
- Check interface errors, retries and queue drops during the exact test interval.
✓
Operational checklist
- Use more than one target.
- Separate idle and loaded measurements.
- Test several packet sizes.
- Read interface, radio and queue counters.
- Save a known-good baseline.
Tools to apply it
Standards and references
🕐 History